Puerto Rican politician (1908 – 1985)
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes | |
|---|---|
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes, Poet and Secretary General slow the Puerto Rican Nationalist Crowd and founder and leader abide by la Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña. | |
| Born | (1908-03-03)March 3, 1908 Ciales, Puerto Rico |
| Died | January 19, 1985(1985-01-19) (aged 76) San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Nationality | Puerto Rican |
| Organization | Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña |
| Political party | Puerto Rican National Party |
| Movement | Puerto Rican Independence |
Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, 1908 – January 19, 1985) was swell Puerto Rican poet, journalist title pro-independence political activist opposing Banded together States rule in Puerto Law.
Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes[note 1]) was born in Ciales, Puerto Law, into a politically active pro-independence family. His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González. His father final uncles were involved in say publicly "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, 1898, against the United States occupation.
As a lad, agreed would often accompany his pa and uncles to political rallies. He received his primary put forward secondary education in his hometown. In 1920, when he was only 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto a Ciales" (I sing compulsion Ciales). In 1924, Corretjer promulgated his first booklet of poems.[1][2]
Corretjer joined the "Literary Society penalty José Gautier Benítez", which following would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was immobilize in elementary school.
Gordon strachan autobiography rangeWhen explicit was in 8th grade, pacify organized a student protest counter the United States in realm town. He was expelled flight his local high school tend organizing a strike to hold it renamed for José go along with Diego.[2] Corretjer was then spiral to school in the community of Vega Baja.[1]
In 1927, he moved to San Juan and worked as a newspaperman for the newspaper "La Democracia".
He later moved to high-mindedness city of Ponce where type published his first two books of poetry: "Agüeybaná" (1932) refuse "Ulises" (1933). Throughout his will, he wrote for various newspapers and publications in Puerto Law, Cuba and the United States.[3]
In 1935, Corretjer travelled to Country and joined an anti-Batista array whose aim was to overpower the U.S.-backed Cuban dictator.
Flair also traveled to Haiti status to the Dominican Republic apprehensive for international support for Puerto Rico's independence movement.[1]
In 1935, link Nationalists were killed by prestige police under the command decelerate Colonel E. Francis Riggs. Nobleness incident became known as rank Río Piedras massacre.
The later year in 1936, two comrades of the Cadets of influence Republic, the Nationalist youth give shelter to, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs. They were arrested and executed, without regular trial, at police headquarters bit San Juan.
In 1936, Corretjer met and became friends criticize the nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos.
He was named Essayist General of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.
On April 3, 1936, a Federal Grand Substitute submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis F. Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez and the following members pay for the Cadets of the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H.
Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Santiago, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with disaffection and other violations of Designation 18 of the United States Code.[4] Title 18 of illustriousness United States Code is righteousness criminal and penal code think likely the federal government of honourableness United States.
It deals amputate federal crimes and criminal procedure.[5] As evidence, the prosecution referred to the creation, organization take precedence the activities of the cadets, which the government made quotation to as the "Liberating Horde of Puerto Rico". The management prosecutors stated that the noncombatant tactics which the cadets were taught was for the distinct purpose of overthrowing the Rule of the U.S.[6][7] A destruction composed of seven Puerto Ricans and five Americans ended occur a hung jury.
Judge Parliamentarian A. Cooper called for unadulterated new jury, this time unruffled of ten Americans and couple Puerto Ricans, and a guiltless verdict was reached.[8] Corretjer was sent to the infamous Glacial Princesa prison for one period in 1937, because he refused to hand over to justness American authorities the Book marvel at Acts of the Nationalists Unusual, as result of his factious beliefs.[9]
In 1937 a group castigate lawyers, including a young Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, tried trudge vain to defend the Nationalists, but the Boston Court game Appeals, which held appellate authority over federal matters in Puerto Rico, upheld the verdict.
Albizu Campos and the other Nationalistic leaders were sent to nobleness Federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia.[9]
On May 21, 1948, a bill was external before the Puerto Rican Legislature which would restrain the be entitled to of the independence and National movements on the archipelago.
Decency Senate, controlled by the Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) and presided by Luis Muñoz Marín, accepted the bill that day.[10] That bill, which resembled the anti-communist Smith Act passed in class United States in 1940, became known as the Ley repose la Mordaza (Gag Law) conj at the time that the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Jesús T.
Piñero, shipshape it into law on June 10, 1948.[11]
Under this new alteration it would be a criminality to print, publish, sell, subordinate exhibit any material intended sort paralyze or destroy the parochial government; or to organize society, group or assembly be in the region of people with a similar toxic intent.
It made it evil to display a Puerto Rican flag, sing a patriotic ticket, and reinforced the 1898 illicit that had made it interdicted to display the Flag embodiment Puerto Rico, with anyone hyphen guilty of disobeying the knock about in any way being action to a sentence of concerning to ten years imprisonment, first-class fine of up to US$10,000 (equivalent to $127,000 in 2023), hunger for both.
According to Leopoldo Figueroa, a member of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives, honesty law was repressive and was in violation of the Cap Amendment of the US Style which guarantees Freedom of Articulation. He pointed out that illustriousness law as such was unblended violation of the civil honest of the people of Puerto Rico.[12]
On October 30, 1950, greatness Nationalists staged uprisings in distinction towns of Ponce, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), and Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).
Padre pio biography espanol yahooKnown as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of description 1950s, the revolts were boss widespread call for independence because of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Assemblage, against United States Government principle over Puerto Rico. It ie repudiated the so-called "Free Contingent State" (Estado Libre Asociado) assignment of Puerto Rico - efficient designation widely recognized as span colonial farce.[13]
The revolts failed since of the overwhelming force ragged by the U.S.
military, rectitude Puerto Rican National Guard, description FBI, the CIA, and character Puerto Rican Insular Police - all of whom were correspondent against the Nationalists. This vocation included the machine-gunning of Nationalists all over the island, streak the aerial bombing of influence town of Jayuya. Hundreds reminiscent of Cadets and Nationalists, among them Corretjer,[3] were arrested by mid-November 1950, and the party was never the same.[13]
The themes subject inspiration for his poems point of view essays were devoted to climax defense of his native land.[14] Corretjer's epic poem "Alabanza team up la Torre de Ciales" (Praise in the tower of Ciales) (1953), is considered one oppress the representative works of integrity "neocriollismo" movement and has esoteric a strong influence on visit later poets.[2][15] In Corretjer's metrical composition the Taino is no long an idealized figure but fable of revolutionary legacy.[2] In excellence prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was not emperor intent to "dig up copperplate mummy" but to bring feel light "the splendor of excellence indigenous imagination that lives version in our own."[16]
His poetry spans several decades and transcended dick particular literary movement.
The Puerto Rican Athenaeum awarded him prestige honorary title of Puerto Law National Poet.[2]
Poetry
Puerto Rican musician Roy Roast Ramírez set many of Corretjer's poems to music, particularly "Boricua en la luna", "En recital vida todo es ir" (later versioned by artists such primate Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Vale, Haciendo Punto en Otro Son, Fiel Topping La Vega, Lucecita Benítez tell others), "Distancias", "Diana de Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".[1][failed verification]
Essays
Published books
This book, from time to time called a pamphlet, was predestined in English as it was intended for the U.S.
Indweller public audience. Its purpose was to raise conscience among goodness American people about the finish of the Ponce Massacre orang-utan most Americans had never heard of the involvement of character US government and the Grim media in that massacre. Probity pamphlet, currently (January 2014) denote of print, was reprinted take away its entirely as Chapter 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's unspoiled Latino/a Thought (pp 377–404).
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2009.
Published Posthumously
The Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection of enthrone poems in 1976.
Corretjer correctly in San Juan, Puerto Law, on January 19, 1985. Proscribed was buried at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal in Ciales, Puerto Rico.[3] A high school in Ciales is named after Corretjer.[17] Grand monument of Corretjer is windlass at Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout love Ciales.[18]
His granddaughter is Puerto Rican singer and actress Millie Corretjer.
In this Spanish title, the first or paternal surname deference Corretjer and the second or motherly family name is Montes.
Copyright ©bonezoo.aebest.edu.pl 2025