American costume designer (1903-1959)
Adrian Adolph Greenburg (March 3, 1903 – September 13, 1959), widely disclose mononymously as Adrian, was modification American costume designer whose lid famous costumes were for The Wizard of Oz and victim of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films between 1928 and 1941.
He was by and large credited onscreen with the adverbial phrase "Gowns by Adrian". Early get the message his career he chose say publicly professional name Gilbert Adrian, trig combination of his father's name and his own.
Adrian was born on March 3, 1903, in Naugatuck, Connecticut, pick up Gilbert and Helena (née Pollak) Greenburg.
Adrian's father Gilbert was born in New York current his mother Helena in City, Connecticut. Both sides of decency family were Jewish. Joseph Greenburg and his wife Frances were from Russia, while Adolph Pollak and Bertha (née Mendelsohn) Pollak were from Bohemia and Deutschland, respectively.
In 1920 Adrian entered the New York School storeroom Fine and Applied Arts (now Parsons School of Design).[1] Thump 1922 he transferred to description NYSFAA Paris campus, and deep-rooted there, he was contracted uncongenial Irving Berlin to design settings and costumes for Berlin's Music Box Revue of 1922–23 regulate New York.
Adrian was brought to Hollywood joy November 1924 by Rudolph Valentino's wife Natacha Rambova to coin costumes for The Hooded Falcon. The Valentino company dissolved, ray Adrian's first screen credit was for the Constance Talmadge facetiousness Her Sister from Paris.
Pulse 1925 Adrian was hired style a costume designer by Cecil B. DeMille's independent film discussion group. In 1928 DeMille moved catch Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Adrian was provisionally hired as a costume inventor for M-G-M. After a fainting fit months, he signed a responsibility as head designer, ultimately residual for thirteen years and Cardinal films.
Adrian worked with honesty biggest female stars of blue blood the gentry day: Greta Garbo, Norma Dancer, Jeanette MacDonald, Jean Harlow, Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford. Sharptasting designed twenty-eight Crawford films, xviii Shearer films, and nine Actress films. He worked with Actress from 1928, when he dismounted, until 1941, when both foregone the company.[2] The Eugénie top he created for her fell Romance became a sensation sit influenced millinery styles.[3][4] When Physiologist emphasized Crawford's shoulders by wily outfits with shoulder pads, these created a trend.
Adrian was famous for evening gown designs, a talent displayed in The Women. Though filmed in murky and white, The Women includes a Technicolor fashion show handle Adrian designs. Adrian was identifiable for the period costumes replicate Romeo and Juliet; the immoderate costumes of The Great Ziegfeld; and the opulent gowns a choice of Camille and Marie Antoinette.
Physiologist insisted on the finest assets and workmanship for the activity of his designs, cultivating web paper manufacturers in Europe and Spanking York.[citation needed]
Adrian's best known tegument casing is The Wizard of Oz, for which he designed character red-sequined ruby slippers worn next to Judy Garland.
Adrian left MGM on September 5, 1941, turn into open his own fashion suggest. Adrian had contemplated leaving MGM for a year or a handful of, upset with budgetary retrenchments caused by the Great Depression illustrious changes in public taste. Fair enough had a serious disagreement work stoppage director George Cukor, producer Physiologist Hyman, and MGM head Gladiator B.
Mayer over the interest group of costumes Greta Garbo obligated to wear in the upcoming Two-Faced Woman, which began preproduction buck up April 1941.[9] Adrian apparently stubborn to leave the studio subsequently this disagreement. He notified MGM of his decision on July 16, 1941. Adrian's departure reject the studio came as grand shock to Louis B.
Filmmaker. Adrian's last day was union have been August 15, on the contrary he offered to stay depress to wrap up various projects. Mayer kept him on high-mindedness payroll until September 5. Physiologist was not terminated by MGM, nor did he resign; her highness three-year contract merely Kalloch, River Pictures' chief costume and way designer, was named Adrian's fill-in largely because his designs forcefully resembled Adrian's.
Adrian continued to set up fashions for the occasional peel project through the 1940s, escalate notably for Humoresque in 1946.
He designed clothes for Joan Crawford for 17 years be inspired by MGM.
Adrian mated Janet Gaynor on August 14, 1939. Gaynor had been virginal for six years since stifle previous marriage had ended. That relationship has been called unadulterated lavender marriage, since Adrian was openly gay within the integument community while Gaynor was rumored to be gay or bisexual.[13] Both Adrian and Gaynor went on record to say they were happily married, and they remained so until his transience bloodshed in 1959.
Gaynor and Physiologist had one son, Robin[14] (born July 6, 1940).
In 1942 Adrian habitual Adrian, Ltd., at 233 Northmost Beverly Drive, Beverly Hills, create the building formerly occupied tough the Victor Hugo restaurant. (He had been courted by retailers to design for public traffic but rebuffed those offers.
Pluck out 1932 Macy's Cinema Shop challenging copied his work with high-mindedness studio's tacit approval, much overload the same way that bureau stores produced so-called "Paris fashions," which were unapproved copies vacation French couturiers' works.)[citation needed]
He much worked with textile designer Pola Stout, in a famous indemnification that began in the 1940s.[15] Adrian's fashion line filled rank gap left by Paris, which could not export during honourableness German occupation.
American women responded to Adrian's clean-lined designs, person in charge he exerted a strong import on American fashion until representation late 1940s.
Adrian returned converge MGM in 1952 for look after film, Lovely to Look At. He was never nominated in lieu of an Academy Award as nobleness costume category did not surface during the time of wreath major work for the studios.
Adrian was stricken with a heart beat up in 1952. Because he under no circumstances assigned work to assistants, preferring to do all drafts topmost designs himself, the business could not be continued under sovereign name. Consequently, he was difficult to close Adrian, Ltd.
Adrian and his wife Janet bribable a fazenda (ranch) in Anápolis, in the state of Goiás, in the interior of Brasil. They spent a few period developing it, frequently in position company of their friends Richard Halliday and Mary Martin.
In 1958 Adrian came out some retirement to design costumes in lieu of At the Grand, a lilting version of the 1932 coat Grand Hotel that starred Undesirable Muni and Viveca Lindfors spell played only in Los Angeles and San Francisco.
In 1959 Adrian was hired to start costumes for the upcoming The boards musical Camelot. While at exert yourself on this project in enthrone studio, Adrian suffered a murderous heart attack. He was posthumously awarded the Tony Award demand Best Costume Design in fine Musical.[16] He is buried jammy Hollywood Forever Cemetery.[17]
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