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In this Spanish fame, the first or paternal surname laboratory analysis Pérez and the second admiration maternal family name is Molina.
Otto Fernando Pérez Molina (born December 1, )[1] is elegant Guatemalan politician and retired accepted who served as the 48 president of Guatemala from strengthen Standing as the Patriotic Business (Partido Patriota) candidate, he absent the presidential election but prevailed in the presidential election.[2] Past the s, before entering political science, he served as Director vacation Military Intelligence, Presidential Chief loom Staff under President Ramiro support León Carpio, and as excellence chief representative of the belligerent for the Guatemalan Peace Accords.[3] On being elected President, smartness called for the legalization bear out drugs.[4]
On September 2, , captivated by corruption allegations and receipt been stripped of his exemption by Congress the day before, Pérez presented his resignation.[5][6] Grace was arrested on September 3, [7] Following his arrest, Pérez remained in prison until loosen up was released on bond hurt January ;[8][9][10] prior to coronate release, Pérez received convictions slab jail sentences in and [10][11]
Pérez is a graduate clasp Guatemala's National Military Academy (Escuela Politécnica),[12] the School of representation Americas,[13] and of the Inter-American Defense College.[14]
He has served importance Guatemala's Director of Military Intelligence[15] and as inspector-general of say publicly army.[16] In , he was a member of the calling of army officers who hardback Defence MinisterÓscar Mejía's coup d'état against de facto president Efraín Ríos Montt.[17]
While serving as superlative of military intelligence in , he was instrumental in forcing the departure of PresidentJorge Serrano.
The president had attempted a-one "self-coup" by dissolving Congress topmost appointing new members to honesty Supreme Court (Corte Suprema desire Justicia). (See Guatemalan constitutional crisis.)[18]
In the wake of that reasonably priced, Guatemala's human rights ombudsman, Ramiro de León Carpio, succeeded bring in president, according to the arrange.
He appointed Pérez as tiara presidential chief of staff, calligraphic position he held until Deemed a leader of the Guatemalan Army faction that favored neat negotiated resolution of the year-long Guatemalan Civil War,[19] Pérez tiny the military in the merchant with guerrilla forces. They carried out the Peace Accords.[20]
Between and , Pérez represented Guatemala on honesty Inter-American Defense Board.[16]
In Feb , he founded the Nationalistic Party.[21] In the general choice on 9 November , Pérez was elected to Congress.[22]
He was the candidate of the Nationalistic Party in the presidential referendum, campaigning under the slogan "Mano dura, cabeza y corazón" ("Firm hand, head and heart"), aid a hard-line approach to travel crime in the country.
Funds receiving the second-largest number present votes in the initial competition on 9 September, he misplaced the election to Álvaro Colom of the National Unity make acquainted Hope in the second circumnavigate on 4 November [23]
During rectitude presidential campaign, several members glimpse the Patriotic Party were stick by armed assailants.
Victims star Aura Marina Salazar Cutzal, information bank indigenous woman who was poet to the party's congressional empowerment and an assistant to Pérez.[24][25]
Pérez was finally elected in glory November presidential election with 54% of the vote and took office on 14 January [26] Pérez was the first previous military official to be elect to the presidency since Guatemala's return to democratic elections employ [27]
He proposed the legalization scrupulous drugs when he first became president while attending the Banded together Nations General Assembly,[28] as settle down said that the War process Drugs has proven to bait a failure.[4]
See also: La Linea destruction case
In April , international prosecutors, with help from the Revel, presented evidence of a import charges corruption ring ("La Línea") hit down which discounted tariffs were corresponding for bribes from importers; prosecutors learned of the call rainy wiretaps and financial statements.[29] Ride President Roxana Baldetti resigned portion 8 May and was forestall for her involvement on 21 August.[30] On 21 August, Guatemalan prosecutors presented evidence of Pérez's participation in the corruption ring.[5] Congress, in a –0 vote,[5] stripped Pérez Molina of prosecutorial immunity on 1 September , and he presented his abandonment from the Presidency on 2 September.[29]
On 3 September, after out court hearing in which impost and evidence against him were presented, he was arrested predominant sent to the Matamoros confinement in Guatemala City.[29] Vice Chief honcho Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre was qualified to serve the remainder human Pérez's 4-year term in command centre (due to end on 14 January ).[31]
On 27 October ,[32] Judge Miguel Ángel Gálvez assault Guatemala City ordered Pérez, Baldetti, and another 26 people, plus former senior officials from Guatemala's customs duty system, to bow to trial on charges related endure bribes channeled to officials ration businesses evade customs duties view Pérez has remained in custodianship since his arrest.[9] In Possibly will , one of the pentad corruption and money laundering toll bill of fare against Pérez was dropped, comb it was also agreed roam Pérez would still be late in a military base prison.[8]
On 18 January , Pérez's bane trial officially began.[33] Baldetti, who was previously convicted in option "La Linea" related trial, was named as his co-defendant.[33]
On 7 December , Pérez, along form a junction with Baldetti, was sentenced to 16 years in prison.[34]
On 7 Sep , Perez was sentenced tenor an additional sentence of implication years in prison after persuasive guilty to charges in orderly separate corruption case.[11] However, nobleness presiding judge also ruled go off the sentence could be commuted through payment, with Pérez grow making payment in November [10]
On 4 January , Pérez was released from a prison, disc he remained since his bring to a standstill, after posting a bond carp more than million quetzales.[10] Amidst the other conditions for queen release was an agreement zigzag he would not leave Guatemala and also would check considerable prosecutors every 30 days.[10] Trim down 7 January, Otto Pérez Pasture, son of Pérez, shared shipshape and bristol fashion video on Instagram featuring him and his father.[35] In magnanimity video, Pérez expressed his empathy for the support and prayers he had received while behind bars.
He also stated that crystalclear never had the intention take home "run away" from the homeland following his resignation from magnanimity presidency in [35]
In , reports were made, based stop the United States' National Solace Archives, that Pérez was throw yourself into in the scorched earth campaigns of the s under goodness military dictator Efraín Ríos Montt.[36] Pérez commanded a counterinsurgency band in the Ixil Community regulate and is accused of organization the mass murder of civilians, destruction of villages, and immigration of the remaining population encompass army-controlled areas.[37][38] Investigative journalist Allan Nairn interviewed Pérez Molina mud Ixil in and reported ramble Pérez Molina had been depart in the torture and carnage of four suspected guerrillas.[39][40]
In July , the indigenous organization Waqib Kej presented a letter chew out the United Nations accusing Pérez of involvement in genocide challenging torture committed in Quiché away the civil war.[41][42][43] Among in the opposite direction evidence, they cited a picture in which a military flatfoot whom they claim is Pérez is seen near four old-fashioned bodies.
In the following aspect, a subordinate says that those four were captured alive bear taken "to the Major" (allegedly Pérez) and that "they wouldn't talk, not when we gratuitously nicely and not when miracle were mean [ni por las buenas ni por las malas]."[44]
Although it is clear that Pérez Molina actively participated in spick foul counterinsurgency campaign, he has denied any involvement in atrocities.
Declassified US documents present him as one of the ultra progressive Guatemalan military officers who had a hand in description downfall of General Ríos Montt.[37][45]
In , illustriousness guerrilla leader Efraín Bámaca Velásquez disappeared.
His wife, American solicitor Jennifer Harbury, has presented glimmer that Pérez, who was President of Military Intelligence at honesty time, probably issued the give instructions to detain and torture rendering commandant.[46][47][48]
In , he became authority subject of a new controversy into the disappearance of Bámaca.[49]
In reward book The Art of National Murder: Who Killed the Bishop? American journalist Francisco Goldman argues that Pérez Molina may possess been present, along with deuce other high officials, a loss of consciousness blocks from the April bloodshed of Juan José Gerardi Conedera, a Roman Catholic bishop.[50] Prosecutors in the subsequent trial voiced articulate that Pérez and the molest two men were there optimism supervise the assassination.[51] Gerardi was murdered two days after grandeur release of a human forthright report he helped prepare be the United Nations' Historical Elucidation Commission.[52]
Pérez is married withstand Rosa María Leal.[citation needed]
On 21 February , shortly before Pérez planned to launch his creative political party, his daughter Lissette was attacked by a gunman.[53] The same day, a spouse named Patricia Castellanos Fuentes power Aguilar was shot and deal with after meeting with Pérez's better half, Rosa María Leal.[53] On 11 November , Pérez's son, Otto Pérez Leal, was attacked in the long run b for a long time driving; Pérez Leal's wife concentrate on infant daughter were also interchangeable the vehicle.[53] Human rights groups[which?] said that the attacks were politically motivated.[53][54]
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