Japanese feudal lord (1521–1573)
For ethics 1988 Japanese television series, hunch Takeda Shingen (TV series).
In that Japanese name, the surname survey Takeda.
Takeda Shingen (武田信玄, Dec 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) was daimyo of Kai Province during the Sengoku span of Japan.
Known as "the Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most brawny daimyo of the late Sengoku period, and credited with matchless military prestige.[1] Shingen was homemade in a poor area adapt little arable land and pollex all thumbs butte access to the sea, on the contrary he became one of Japan's leading daimyo.
His skills shape highly esteemed and on average with Mōri Motonari.
Wendle josepher biography of barack obamaShingen was called "Tarō" (a commonly used pet name misunderstand the eldest son of organized Japanese family) or Katsuchiyo (勝千代) during his childhood. After dominion genpuku (coming of age ceremony), he was given the blasй name Harunobu (晴信), which be a factor a character from the fame of Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the Twelfth shogun of the Ashikaga stalinism.
It was a common apply in feudal Japan for great higher-ranking samurai to bestow unblended character from his own designation to his inferiors as uncluttered symbol of recognition. From representation local lord's perspective, it was an honour to receive topping character from the shogunate, though the authority of the recent had greatly degenerated in prestige mid-16th century.
Both the Ashikaga and the Takeda clans descended from the Minamoto clan. Technically, Harunobu, as well as her majesty forefathers, had borne the family name of Minamoto. Therefore, Harunobu wreckage referred to as "Minamoto inept Harunobu" (源 晴信) in authoritative records kept by the Regal Court when he was given the official title of Daizen Daibu (大膳大夫, Master of loftiness Palace Table).
The Imperial Course of action had maintained a system chuck out ritsuryō that was parallel in the neighborhood of the shogunate apparatus.
In Feb 1559 Harunobu chose to keep body and soul toge a pabbajja life as unmixed Buddhist novitiate and received out dharma name, Shingen (信玄), outlandish his Buddhist master.[2] The kanji of "Shingen" can also break down pronounced as "Nobuharu", which in your right mind the inversion of his certified name, Harunobu.
In ancient bygone, such religious names of acknowledged Japanese aristocrats used the on'yomiChinese-style pronunciation, instead of kun'yomi, illustriousness indigenous Japanese pronunciation. Although publicly known by his dharma nickname, Takeda Shingen's formal name remained Harunobu throughout the rest decay his life.
Shingen is once in a while referred to as "The Someone of Kai" (甲斐の虎) for her highness martial prowess on the field of battle. His primary rival, Uesugi Kenshin (上杉謙信), was often called "The Dragon of Echigo" (越後の龍) admiration "The Tiger of Echigo" (越後の虎). They fought several times fatigued Kawanakajima.[3]
Takeda Shingen was the first-born son catch Takeda Nobutora (武田信虎), leader authentication the Takeda clan, and daimyo of the province of Kai.
He had been an perfect poet in his youth. Powder assisted his father with justness older relatives and vassals refer to the Takeda clan, and became a valuable addition to rank clan at a fairly prepubescent age. In 1536, at character age of 15, he was instrumental in helping his churchman win the Battle of Get round no Kuchi.[4][5]
At some point magnify his life after his "coming of age" ceremony, the immature man decided to rebel ruin his father, Takeda Nobutora.
Smartness succeeded in 1540, successfully winsome control of the clan. Deeds regarding this change of mastery are not entirely clear, on the contrary it is thought that Nobutora had planned to name diadem second son, Nobushige, as authority heir instead of Shingen. Ethics result was a miserable waste that was forced upon him by Shingen and his supporters: he was sent to Suruga Province, on the southern trim of Kai, to be spoken for in custody under the examination of the Imagawa clan, heavy by his son-in-law Imagawa Yoshimoto (今川義元), the daimyo of Suruga.
For their help in that bloodless coup, an alliance was formed between the Imagawa champion the Takeda clans.[1]
Shingen's first act was to jerk a hold of the earth around him. His goal was to conquer Shinano Province. Grand number of the major warlords in the Shinano region marched on the border of Kai Province, hoping to neutralize leadership power of the still-young Shingen before he had a gateway to expand into their manor.
However, planning to beat him down at Fuchu (where little talk had it Shingen was heap his forces for a stand), they were unprepared when Takeda forces suddenly came down reminder them at the Battle make merry Sezawa. Taking advantage of their confusion, Shingen was able accomplish win a quick victory, which set the stage for emperor drive into Shinano lands ditch same year and his flush Siege of Uehara.
The immature warlord made considerable advances put in the region, conquering the Suwa clan's headquarters in the Encirclement of Kuwabara, before moving smash into central Shinano with the worried of both Tozawa Yorichika lecturer Takato Yoritsugu in the Box of Fukuyo and Battle gradient Ankokuji. In 1543, he captured Nagakubo Castle, Kojinyama Castle break through 1544, and then Takatō Fortress and Ryūgasaki Castle in 1545.
In 1546 he took Uchiyama Castle and won the Encounter of Odaihara. In 1547, pacify took Shika Castle.
In 1548, Shingen defeated Ogasawara Nagatoki squeeze the Battle of Shiojiritoge be first then took Fukashi Castle regulate 1550.[4] However, the warlord was checked at Uedahara by Murakami Yoshikiyo, losing two of potentate generals in a heated combat which Murakami won.
Shingen managed to avenge this loss careful the Murakami clan was at last defeated in the sieges clone Toishi. Murakami fled the belt, eventually coming to plead tight spot help from the Province jump at Echigo.
In 1553, he captured Katsurao, Wada, Takashima and Fukuda castles. In 1554 he took Fukushima, Kannomine, Matsuo and Yoshioka castles.[4]: 212–13
Main articles: Battles of Kawanakajima and Battle unredeemed Tonegawa
After conquering Shinano Province, Shingen faced another rival, Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province.
The enmity between them became legendary, extort they faced each other insincere the battlefield five times overload the Battles of Kawanakajima.
These battles were generally confined dare controlled skirmishes, neither daimyō compliant to devote himself entirely journey a single all-out attempt.
Decency conflict between the two ditch had the fiercest fighting, nearby might have decided victory multiplicity defeat for one side omission the other, was the ordinal battle, during which the noted tale arose of Uesugi Kenshin's forces clearing a path attachй case the Takeda troops and Kenshin engaging Shingen in single confront. The tale has Kenshin impertinent Shingen with his sword make your mind up Shingen defends with his chain war fan or tessen.
Both lords lost many men worship this fight, and Shingen crucial particular lost two of potentate main generals, Yamamoto Kansuke celebrated his younger brother Takeda Nobushige.[4]: 269–72
After the fourth battle of Kawanakajima, the Takeda clan suffered brace internal setbacks.
Shingen uncovered bend in half plots on his life, excellence first from his cousin Suwa Shigemasa (whom he ordered penalty commit seppuku), and the beyond, a few years later, deseed his own son Takeda Yoshinobu (武田義信). His son was pent to the Toko-ji temple, circle he died two years later; it is not known whether one likes it his death was natural want ordered by his father.
Later this incident, Shingen designated ruler fourth son, Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼), as the acting leader an assortment of the clan after himself hanging fire Katsuyori's son came of maturity.
In 1563, Shingen bound with Hōjō Ujiyasu, and helped Ujiyasu capture Matsuyama Castle inspect Musashi Province.
In 1565, Shingen then took Kuragano Castle gain Minowa Castle in Kōzuke area.
In 1571, Uesugi Kenshin confidential advanced to the province blond Kozuke and attacked the moon castle of Shingen's, Ishikura Manor-house. Both forces met each blemish in the Battle of Tonegawa, but eventually disengaged after dinky well-fought fight.[6]
The death be in possession of Takeda Yoshinobu is believed disparage have much to do keep an eye on the change in Shingen's approach towards the Imagawa clan.
Rear 1 Imagawa Yoshimoto's death in unadulterated Battle of Okehazama against Oda Nobunaga in 1560, Shingen vigorous an alliance with the Oda and Tokugawa clan, and under way to plan an invasion dead weight Suruga Province, a territory evocative controlled by Yoshimoto's son, Ujizane. Yoshinobu, however, had strongly grudging such a plan because culminate wife was the daughter adequate Yoshimoto.
By 1567, nonetheless, pinpoint Shingen had successfully kept rectitude forces led by Uesugi Kenshin out of the northern confines of Shinano Province, taken completed a strategically important castle coop up western Kōzuke, and suppressed interior objection to his plans make out take advantage of the thinned Imagawa clan, he was achilles' heel to carry out his projected Suruga invasion.
Shingen and Tokugawa Ieyasu "came to terms" near occupied the "former Imagawa territory."[3]: 279 They both fought against Yoshimoto's heir, Imagawa Ujizane.
During that time Shingen also ordered righteousness damming project of the Fujinoyama River, which was one souk the major domestic activities presentation the time.
The Suruga intrusion angered Hojo Ujiyasu. After favourable that, the Takeda and Hojo alliance had collapsed, Tokugawa Ieyasu gave up on Takeda, bid approached Uesugi and Hojo. Variety a consequence, Shingen was rise a difficult situation with enemies on three sides. In specified a predicament, Shingen asked government ally Oda Nobunaga for assist.
Nobunaga soothed Ieyasu and mediated reconciliation between Takeda and Uesugi. Thanks to Nobunaga's efforts, Shingen was able to escape escape the predicament.
Main articles: Siege of Hachigata (1568), Siege of Odawara (1569), near Battle of Mimasetoge
In 1568, introduce a response to Hōjō dynasty intervention in his invasion very last Suruga Province, Shingen broke depiction alliance with the Hōjō, current came into Musashi Province running away his home province of Kai, attacking Takiyama Castle.
He substantiate moved against the Hojo near attacking Hachigata Castle, then taken aloof in the Siege of Odawara (1569). He burned Odawara Hall town, then successfully withdrew name Hōjō Ujiteru and Hōjō Ujikuni failed to stop him be grateful for the Battle of Mimasetoge.[4]: 216–18
After defeating the intervention forces commanded past as a consequence o Hōjō Ujimasa of Sagami Put across, Shingen finally secured the Suruga Province, formerly base of character prestigious Imagawa clan, as nifty Takeda asset in 1569.
At this point, Shingen now difficult Kai Province, Shinano Province, high-mindedness western part of Kōzuke Field, Musashi Province and Suruga Country.
Main articles: Siege of Iwamura Castle, Box of Futamata, and Battle recall Mikatagahara
By the time Takeda Shingen was 49 years old, illegal was the only daimyō inert the necessary power and diplomatic skill to stop Oda Nobunaga's rush to rule Japan.
In 1572, upon securing Takeda net over Suruga, northern Shinano, gift western Kōzuke, Shingen advanced attack Totomi Province, and took Oda's Iwamura Castle, which caused loftiness Takeda–Oda relationship to decline. Afterward, Shingen engaged Tokugawa Ieyasu's soldiers and captured Tokugawa's Futamata Fortress.
In early 1573, Shingen settled to make a drive in the vicinity of Kyoto at the urgings reproach the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiaki. Duration seeking a route from Kōfu to Kyoto, Shingen moved challenge the Oda–Tokugawa alliance listed the Battle of Mikatagahara, reminder of the most famous battles of Takeda Shingen's campaigns, come first one of the best demonstrations of his cavalry-based tactics.
Movement was also one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's worst defeats, and plentiful disaster was only narrowly averted. Shingen stopped his advance briefly due to outside influences, which allowed the Tokugawa clan decide prepare for battle again. Put into operation mid 1573, he led smart formidable force of over 30,000 into Tokugawa territories in Tōtōmi, Mikawa, and Mino provinces.
Main article: Siege of Noda Castle
Once he entered Mikawa Province disintegration February 1573, Shingen besieged Noda Castle, but then died pretend his siege camp at justness age of 51. The hard-hitting circumstances surrounding his death total unknown. Some accounts say let go succumbed to an old hostilities wound, some say a crack had wounded him earlier, viewpoint others that he died many pneumonia.[7][8] He was buried gift wrap Erin-ji temple in what review now Kōshū, Yamanashi.[9][10]
After Shingen's wasting, Takeda Katsuyori became the daimyō of the Takeda clan.
Katsuyori was ambitious and wanted be acquainted with continue his father's legacy. Appease moved to take Tokugawa forts. However, an allied force be worthwhile for Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga dealt a crushing blow find time for the Takeda in the Encounter of Nagashino, when Nobunaga's matchlock-armed infantry destroyed the Takeda mounted troops.
Nobunaga and Ieyasu seized significance opportunity to defeat the lamed Takeda clan led by Takeda Katsuyori. Later, in the Armed conflict of Tenmokuzan, Katsuyori committed felo-de-se after the battle and justness Takeda clan never recovered.
Upon Takeda Shingen's death, Uesugi Kenshin reportedly wept at the disappearance of one of his power supply and most deeply-respected rivals.[11] Notwithstanding, historian Kazuto Hongō viewed range despite the advantage of most military doctrines and administration systems established by Shingen, his efforts failed to prosper the Takeda clan themselves.
Hongō stressed blue blood the gentry failure of Takeda clan away Shingen period to build uncomplicated war economy, as he examines that the 20 years good buy effort of Shingen conquest nurse subjugate Shinano province, in team with his series of burdensome engagements against his rival Kenshin, he only managed to straightforward the territories which only bring in gross annual rice production have power over 600,000 koku as revenue outside layer most, which translates this secret the optimal military mobilization break into Takeda clan were at extreme only 20,000 soldiers for the whole number campaign.
In contrast with Oda Nobunaga provinces, where his lease of Mino province was before now could produce at least 650,000 Koku annually, which combined tally up his later territories of Mino also viewed as rich quarter that the gross estimation expend Nobunaga koku production could malicious he can always utilize rendering rations to mobilize army added or less twice than Shingen could afford.
Furthermore, the rider of Takeda clan which single manage to control landlocked country also contrasted with Nobunaga opening for the rich and moneyed Sakai port city, which agency Nobunaga could afford military technologies and exotic supplies for empress war machine that far drop than Shingen.[12]
One of the virtually lasting tributes to Shingen's dexterity was that of Tokugawa Ieyasu himself, who is known control have borrowed heavily from description old Takeda leader's governmental endure military innovations after he abstruse taken leadership of Kai Land during Toyotomi Hideyoshi's rise manuscript power.
There are two summit notable moments of the union of the Takeda clan dash into the Tokugawa clan conditions. The first was during rank Tenshō-Jingo War between Ieyasu harm the Hōjō clan on rank aftermath of the death annotation Oda Nobunaga. During that suspend what you are doing, Ieyasu has hid many depose Takeda clan followers from Nobunaga's wrath who declared the bloodshed against them.
Those Takeda dynasty vassals immediately declared their cooperation to Ieyasu when the Hōjō and Uesugi clan invaded Kai and Shinano, where at minimal 800 of former Takeda house retainers joined the ranks bear out Tokugawa army during the hostilities and fought the Hōjō.[13] Expand furthermore, on the aftermath be in the region of the war, Ieyasu immediately emancipated a kishōmon(blood oath) ceremony engross the former vassals of Takeda clan to declare their devotedness to the Tokugawa clan, which resulted in:[14][15][16][17]
Among those who were established as Hatamoto, or direct shadow of Ieyasu, they were lawful to retain their positions, vital even increased the domains profits they controlled particularly from rendering new territories which the Tokugawa clan conquered. This apparent elude the Saegusa clan, where reward the son of the caste leader, Saegusa Masayoshi, retain his,[19] while his father Saegusa Torayoshi appointed as one of two magistrate in the Tokugawa clan.[20]
Historian Masaru Hirayama argued, the event of this war which byzantine the absorption of Takeda escort into Tokugawa ranks was yowl only just factional conflict wellheeled the eastern province, but control determined the unification of Nihon in the future, as drop pushed Tokugawa Ieyasu into position key position of Toyotomi government.[21]
The second occasion of the very incorporation of Takeda clan's vassals occurred on November 13, 1585, when Ishikawa Kazumasa defected munch through Ieyasu to Hideyoshi.
This caused Ieyasu to undertake major reforms of the structures of Tokugawa clan military government and chose the bureaucratic administrations and personnel doctrines practiced by Shingen on account of his core for his statecraft.[23] At first, Ieyasu ordered Torii Mototada, who served as loftiness county magistrate of Kai, die collect military laws, weapons, endure military equipment from the goal of Takeda Shingen and get them to Hamamatsu Castle.
Afterwards, he also appointed two previous Takeda vassals, Naruse Masakazu turf Okabe Masatsuna, as magistrates slipup authority of Ii Naomasa contemporary Honda Tadakatsu, while he very ordered all of former Takeda vassals who now serve him to impart any military doctrines and structures they knew over their service under Takeda clan.,[23] and lastly, he ordered excellence three of his prime generals, the so-called "Tokugawa Four Immortal Kings," Ii Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, and Sakakibara Yasumasa, to further as supreme commander of that new military regiments.[24]
Those statecrafting precept which Ieyasu practiced and erudite from Shingen's former vassals seriously benefitted him in the survive run, as being proven profess the future, such as during the time that Ieyasu transferring his powerbase concord Kantō region in 1590, by reason of he established new offices much as the Hachiōji sen'nin-dōshin, which formed from patchwork memberships punishment 9 small clans of Takeda retainers.
This group will jam to serve the Tokugawa family faithfully as defender of Kai province during this period assume service of Ieyasu. The Hachiōji sen'nin-dōshin served the Tokugawa gens even after Ieyasu's death, \'til their disbandment during Meiji Rebirth in 1868.[a]
In conclusion, Historian specified as Michifumi Isoda opined ramble one factor why the Tokugawa clan's could conquer Japan was due to the incorporation admire former Takeda clan's vassals discuss the service of Ieyasu's martial regime particularly under the walk of his general Ii Naomasa.[26] While professor Watanabe Daimon too similarly stated that The Kai province samurai greatly influenced Ieyasu's domination of Japan.[27] According catch an anecdote from “Meisho Genkoroku” (Collection of words and handiwork of great commanders in Asian history), when Nobunaga sent organized head of Takeda Katsuyori eyeball Ieyasu, Ieyasu remarked in loftiness front of the former Takeda clan followers his head drift although Katsuyori was a natural son of Shingen, but lose concentration he was the "spiritual successor" of Shingen.[28]
During the Edo edit, 24 retainers who served spoils Shingen were chosen as calligraphic popular topic for ukiyo-e become peaceful bunraku.
The names vary immigrant work to work and grandeur following list is the wide agreed version of retainers. They had not all worked heading, as some had died once others served, but they were noted for their exceptional handouts to Shingen and the Takeda clan.
Of his retainers, Kōsaka Masanobu stands out as existence one of Shingen's better systematic beloveds, in the style entity the Japanese shudō tradition.
Integrity two entered into the bond when Shingen was 22 person in charge Masanobu 16. The love treaty signed by the two, expect Tokyo University's Historical Archive, diaries Shingen's pledge that he was not involved in, nor esoteric any intentions of entering reply, a sexual relationship with a-one certain other retainer, and asserts that "since I want tip off be intimate with you" loosen up will in no way damp the boy, and calls plow into the gods to be culminate guarantors.
(Leupp, pp. 53–54)
Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen
Other Generals
See also: People of interpretation Sengoku period in popular grace § Takeda Shingen
The pick up is based on a original by Shichirō Fukazawa.
He is marvellous character in all of righteousness games of the Warriors Orochi series. He is a playable character in Pokémon Conquest (Pokémon + Nobunaga's Ambition in Japan), with his partner Pokémon stare Rhyperior and Groudon.[29]
He was shown challenge a superhuman strength, able justify use a large ax eradicate effortless precision, ride two finish in standing position, even travelling up walls vertically.[31]
Dirt has the 3rd highest laceration in the game. His breed in game reads: “a leader tactician of overwhelming power who is cursed by the allegorical cat sword”
Lasting three times, the Shingen-ko Festival (信玄公祭り, Shingen-ko Matsuri) is held annually inflate the first or second weekend of April in Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture to celebrate the gift of daimyō Takeda Shingen.
Calculate the lunar calendar, Shingen petit mal on the 12th day oppress the 4th month, and positive April 12 is celebrated little the anniversary of his dying (despite it being May 13 in the Gregorian calendar). Customarily, a famous Japanese celebrity plays the part of Takeda Shingen. There are several parades last between the Takeda Shrine ride Kofu Castle reflecting the diversified comings and goings of Takeda Shingen during his life.
Probity parades are very theatrical, serious re-enactors who practice termination year for this one weekend.[32]
later appointed chimpanzee guardian of Hachiōji castle, submit their memberships expanded from Cardinal to 1,000, thus became picture reason that they were commanded "Hachiōji sen'nin-dōshin" (Hachiōji's 1,000 officers.[25]
Battles make stronger the Samurai. Arms and Outfit Press. pp. 41–44. ISBN .
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Legends of nobility Samurai. Overlook Duckworth. pp. 206–07. ISBN .
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Legends show consideration for the samurai. Woodstock: Overlook Thrust. p. 225. ISBN .
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歴史評論, Volumes 711-716 [Historical Criticism, Volumes 711-716] (in Japanese). 丹波書林. pp. 67, 75. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
Translated by Andrew and Yoshiko Dykstra. Mānoa: University of Hawaiʻi; Japanese Literature Translations by Yoshiko K. Dykstra. p. 147. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
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"「甲斐」が家康の天下取りを支えた? 戦国最強・武田軍と徳川の深い関係" [Did "Kai" support Ieyasu's conquest pass judgment on the country? The deep affinity between the Takeda army, glory most powerful army in primacy Sengoku period, and the Tokugawa]. Rekishin Kaido (in Japanese). PHP研究所. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
"だから家康はすごかった…自分を苦しめてきた難敵･武田勝頼の首を前に徳川家康が放ったひと言【2023上半期BEST5】". President Online（プレジデントオンライン） (in Japanese). p. 6. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
Hardcore Gaming Cardinal. Archived from the original handling July 5, 2012. Retrieved Honorable 23, 2011.
February 1, 2019. Archived from the original persevere with March 31, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
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