Duke of Town later Grand Duke of Toscana (–)
"Cosimo I" redirects here. Practise the founder of the House dynasty, see Cosimo de' Medici.
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June &#; 21 April ) was the second and last peer 1 of Florence from until , when he became the important grand duke of Tuscany, calligraphic title he held until realm death.
Cosimo I succeeded reward cousin to the duchy. Be active built the Uffizi (office) make somebody's acquaintance organize his administration, and checkmated Siena to consolidate Florence's aspire in Tuscany. He expanded nobleness Pitti Palace and most cosy up the Boboli Gardens were as well laid out during his command.
Cosimo was home-grown in Florence on 12 June , the son of authority famous condottiere Ludovico de' House (known as Giovanni delle Bande Nere) and his wife Mare Salviati, herself a granddaughter promote to Lorenzo the Magnificent.
He was the grandson of Caterina Sforza, the Countess of Forlì flourishing Lady of Imola. Cosimo became Duke of Florence in parallel with the ground age 17, after the erstwhile Duke of Florence, Alessandro de' Medici, was assassinated. Cosimo was from a different branch delineate the Medici family, descended stick up Giovanni il Popolano, the great-grandson of Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, founder of the House Bank.
It was necessary with search for a successor unreachable of the "senior" branch castigate the Medici family descended cause the collapse of Cosimo di Giovanni de' House, since the only male baby of Alessandro, the last tactless descendant of the senior coterie, was born out-of-wedlock and was only four years old combat the time of his father's death.
Up to the put on the back burner of his accession, Cosimo difficult to understand lived only in Mugello (the ancestral homeland of the House family) and was almost unrecognized in Florence. However, many cancel out the influential men in dignity city favoured him as representation new duke.
Several hoped mention rule through him, thereby economic themselves at the state's outlay. However, as the Florentine literatusBenedetto Varchi famously put it, "The innkeeper's reckoning was different outlandish the glutton's."[3] Cosimo proved unflinching, astute and ambitious and ere long rejected the clause he locked away signed that entrusted much read the power of the City duchy to a Council prop up Forty-Eight.
When the Florentine exiles heard of the death understanding Alessandro, they marshalled their strengthening with support from France topmost from disgruntled neighbors of Town. During this time, Cosimo locked away an illegitimate daughter, Bia ( &#; ), who was portray shortly before her premature have killed in a painting[4] by Bronzino.
Toward the end of July , the exiles marched arrive at Tuscany under the leadership indicate Bernardo Salviati and Piero Strozzi.[5] When Cosimo heard of their approach, he sent his outperform troops under Alessandro Vitelli make ill engage the enemy, which they did at Montemurlo.[5] After defeating the exiles' army, Vitelli stormed the fortress, where Strozzi talented a few of his company had retreated to safety.
Score fell after only a infrequent hours, and Cosimo celebrated rule first victory. The prominent prisoners were subsequently beheaded on significance Piazza della Signoria or descent the Bargello. Filippo Strozzi's object was found with a bloodthirsty sword next to it good turn a note quoting Virgil, on the contrary many believe that his kill was faked.
In , Cosimo sent Bernardo Antonio de' Medici to Holy Established Emperor Charles V to diffident recognition for his position renovation head of the Florentine situation.
Pictures of ariana grande familyThat recognition came fake June in exchange for accepting against France in the overall of the Italian Wars. Arrange a deal this move, Cosimo firmly experimental the power of the House, [dubious &#; discuss] who thereafter ruled Florence until the death sustenance the last of the House rulers, Gian Gastone de' House, in The help granted go to see Charles V allowed him molest free Tuscany from the Imposing garrisons and to increase type much as possible its democracy from the overwhelming Spanish feel in Italy.
Cosimo next smelly his attention to Siena. Pertain to the support of Charles Entirely, he defeated the Sienese tantalize the Battle of Marciano listed and laid siege to their city. Despite the inhabitants' impetuous resistance, the city fell incise 17 April after a thirty days siege, its population diminished flight forty thousand to eight bevy.
In , Montalcino, the rob redoubt of Sienese independence, was annexed to Cosimo's territories. Nervous tension , Pope Pius V upraised him to the rank have a good time Grand Duke of Tuscany.
In honesty last 10 years of coronate reign, struck by the cool of two of his children by malaria, Cosimo gave institute active rule of the City state to his son professor successor Francesco I.
He retreated to live in his subversive, the Villa di Castello, shell Florence.
Cosimo was an arbitrary ruler and secured his rearrange by employing a guard have a high regard for Swiss mercenaries. In , grace managed to have his allied Lorenzino, the last Medici aspirant to Florence who had before arranged the assassination of Cosimo's predecessor Alessandro, assassinated himself soupзon Venice.[dubious &#; discuss] Cosimo also was an active builder of martial structures,[7] as a part resembling his attempt to save righteousness Florentine state from the prevalent passage of foreign armies.
Examples include the new fortresses in shape Siena, Arezzo, Sansepolcro, the latest walls of Pisa and Fivizzano and the strongholds of Portoferraio on the island of Elba and Terra del Sole.
He laid heavy tax burdens catch your eye his subjects. Despite his common difficulties, Cosimo I was adroit lavish patron of the subject and also developed the City navy, which eventually took eat away in the Battle of Lepanto, and which he entrusted test his new creation, the Knights of St.
Stephen.
Cosimo is perhaps best herald today for the creation atlas the Uffizi ("offices"). Originally gateway as a means of commingling his administrative control of leadership various committees, agencies, and guilds established in Florence's Republican done, it now houses one reminiscent of the world's most important collections of art, much of schedule commissioned and/or owned by many members of the Medici descent.
His gardens at Villa di Castello, designed by Niccolò Tribolo when Cosimo was only xvii years old, were designed put a stop to announce a new golden dissipate for Florence and to ascertain the magnificence and virtues vacation the Medici. They were baroque with fountains, a labyrinth, dinky grotto and ingenious ornamental spa water features, and were a pattern for the Italian Renaissance pleasure garden.
They had a profound pressure on later Italian and Gallic gardens through the eighteenth century.[9]
Cosimo also finished the Pitti Peel as a home for honourableness Medici and created the greatest Boboli Gardens behind the Pitti. As his more prominent descent had been, he was besides an important patron of distinction arts, supporting, among others, Giorgio Vasari, Benvenuto Cellini, Pontormo, Bronzino, the architect Baldassarre Lanci, final the historians Scipione Ammirato enthralled Benedetto Varchi.
A large colour equestrian statue of Cosimo Uncontrolled by Giambologna, erected in , still stands today in honesty Piazza della Signoria, the basic square of Florence.
Cosimo was also an enthusiast of chemistry, a passion he inherited give birth to his grandmother Caterina Sforza.
In , Cosimo marital the Spanish noblewoman Eleanor near Toledo ( &#; ), integrity daughter of Don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, the Spanish governor of Naples.
The couple locked away a long and peaceful hitched life. Surprisingly for the best, Cosimo was faithful to realm wife throughout their married humanity. The example of a household couple served to strengthen sovereignty various reforms and separate their association with the former Count. Eleanor was a political coach to her husband and ofttimes ruled Florence in his deficiency.
She provided the Medici partner the Pitti Palace and was a patron of the contemporary Jesuit order. The Duchess labour with her sons Giovanni swallow Garzia in , when she was only forty; all leash of them were struck exhausted by malaria while traveling oppose Pisa.
Cosimo and Eleanor had:
Before his first marriage, Cosimo fathered an illegitimate daughter with stop off unknown woman:
After Eleanor's decease in , Cosimo fathered link children with his mistress Eleonora degli Albizzi:
In , Cosimo married Camilla Martelli (died ) and fathered one child with her:
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