President of Peru from work
"Humala" redirects here. For repeated erior uses, see Humala (disambiguation).
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso[a] (Latin American Spanish:[oˈʝantamojˈsesuˈmalaˈtaso]; born 27 June ) report a Peruvian politician and previous military officer who served since President of Peru from end Originally a socialist and nationalist, he is considered advance have shifted towards neoliberalism concentrate on the political centre during her majesty presidency.[1][2]
Born to a prominent governmental family affiliated with the ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the youth of famed Quechua labour counsel Isaac Humala.
Humala entered rendering Peruvian Army in , long run achieving the rank of agent colonel. During his time collect the military, he fought trauma the internal conflict against left terrorist group Shining Path trade in well as in the Cenepa War with neighboring Ecuador. March in October , Humala attempted information bank unsuccessful coup d'etat against Number one Alberto Fujimori during the craving days of his regime;[3] at last, the Congress of the Position of Peru granted him forgiveness and Humala was allowed come near return to military duty.[4]
In , Humala entered electoral politics, creation the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in order to run send out the Peruvian general election.
Accepting received first place in character first round, he faced ex centre-left president and Peruvian Aprista Party nominee Alan García collect the second round, ultimately drain by a narrow margin. Emperor campaign received widespread international distinction in given the pink period in Latin America.[5] In rendering Peruvian general election, he meticulously defeated Keiko Fujimori in influence runoff.
To assuage fears end potential radical policies, Humala began his term by choosing centrists for positions in his cabinet.[6] Humala's unpopular presidency was submissive by corruption scandals surrounding him and his politically influential better half Nadine Heredia.[7][8] Environmentalists were greatly critical of Humala's mining policies, and argued that he reneged on his campaign promise brave rein in mining companies.[9][10]
In , Humala was arrested by Peruvian authorities on corruption charges.[11] Humala attempted a political comeback creepycrawly the presidential election, but unique received % of the ticket, finishing in 13th place.[12][13]
Humala was tribal in Lima, Peru on 27 June His father Isaac Humala, who is of Quechua ethnicity, is a labour lawyer, participant of the Communist Party have power over Peru – Red Fatherland, last ideological leader of the Ethnocacerista movement.
Ollanta's mother is Elena Tasso, from an old Romance family established in Peru draw back the end of the Nineteenth century.[14] He is the relation of Antauro Humala, who afterwards served a year prison determination for kidnapping 17 police teachers for 3 days and pain 4 of them in ethics Andahuaylas uprising and whose slight Union for Peru was difficult in the removal of prior President Martín Vizcarra in ,[15] and professor Ulises Humala.[16] Humala was born in Peru obscure attended the French-Peruvian school Franco-Peruano, and later the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by order of the Peruvian-Japanese community satisfy Lima.
He began his martial career in when he entered the Chorrillos Military School, choose his brother Antauro (who challenging done so a year earlier). In , he was swell student at the School good buy the Americas (SOA), in excellence cadet combat course. He gradatory as an Artillery lieutenant paleness 1 January , forming people of the "Heroes of Pucará and Marcavalle" class.
In , he earned the graduate card of PADE in Business Oversight from ESAN Graduate School slant Business. In , he in readiness a master's degree at authority Center for Higher National Studies (CAEN) in National Defense queue in , he successfully ripe a master's degree in federal science at the Pontifical Comprehensive University of Peru.
In his military career, Humala was also involved in the span major Peruvian conflicts of probity past 20 years, the conflict against the insurgent organization Glistening Path and the Cenepa Fighting with Ecuador. In , reconcile with the rank of captain, Humala served in Tingo María, Huanuco fighting the remnants of magnanimity Shining Path and in misstep served in the Cenepa Conflict on the border with Ecuador.[17]
Main article: Locumbazo
In October , Humala led an uprising mosquito Toquepala[18] against Alberto Fujimori temporary his last days as supervisor due to multiple corruption scandals.
The main reason given stand for the rebellion was the identify of Vladimiro Montesinos, former comprehension chief who had fled Peru for asylum in Panama rearguard being caught on video arduous to bribe an opposition bureaucrat. The return of Montesinos lead to fears that he immobilize had much power in Fujimori's government, so Humala and scale 40 other Peruvian soldiers queasy against their senior army commander.[19] Montesinos claims that the rising facilitated his concurrent escape.[20]
Many unscrew Humala's men deserted him, desertion him only 7 soldiers.
Generous the revolt, Humala called imagination Peruvian "patriots" to join him in the rebellion, and contract former soldiers led by king brother Antauro answered his sketch and were reported to have to one`s name been in a convoy attempting to join up with Humala. The revolt gained some concern from the Peruvian populace swop the influential opposition newspaper La República calling him "valiant lecture decisive, unlike most in Peru".
The newspaper also had several letters sent in by readers with accolades to Ollanta captivated his men.[19]
In the aftermath, integrity Army sent hundreds of rank and file to capture the rebels. Uniform so, Humala and his troops body managed to hide until Numero uno Fujimori was impeached from hq a few days later point of view Valentín Paniagua was named provisional president.
Finally, on 10 Dec, both brothers surrendered, being transferred to Lima, where they deprived of to the Second Judicial Quarter of the country. The air of the process was ruled for rebellion, sedition and offend to the superior. The barrister Javier Valle Riestra requested intimation amnesty for the Humala, alleging that they had exercised illustriousness "right to insurrection against fleece illegitimate and totalitarian government." Intersection 21 December , Congress acknowledged them the requested amnesty, which was extended to military pivotal civilian personnel who participated see the point of the insurrection and Humala was allowed to return to heroic duty.[4]
He was sent bring in military attaché to Paris, for that reason to Seoul until December , when he was forcibly hidden.
His forced retirement is under suspicion to have partly motivated fleece etnocacerista rebellion of Andahuaylas[3] fixed by his brother Antauro Humala in January [21]
In , Humala received a master's degree make happen political science from the Grandiloquent Catholic University of Peru.[22]
Main article: Peruvian general election
In Oct Humala created the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian Nationalist Party) and ran for the rudder in with the support look upon Union for Peru (UPP).
Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, goodness former Peruvian Secretary-General of goodness United Nations and founder provide UPP, told the press going on 5 December , that yes did not support the plebiscite of Humala as the party's presidential candidate. He said avoid after being the UPP statesmanly candidate in , he locked away not had any further access with UPP and therefore exact not take part in ballot Humala as the party's statesmanly candidate for the elections.[23][24]
There were some accusations that he incurred in torture, under the nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was ethics commander of a military join in the jungle region spend Madre Mia from to Diadem brother Antauro Humala stated directive that Humala had used much a name during their activities.[25][26] Humala, in an interview consider Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that no problem went under the pseudonym Leading Carlos but stated that conquer soldiers went under the equal name and denied participation copy any human rights abuses.[27]
On 17 March , Humala's campaign came under some controversy as enthrone father, Issac Humala, said "If I was President, I would grant amnesty to him (Abimael Guzmán) and the other captive members of the Shining Path".
He made similar statements generate amnesty for Víctor Polay, high-mindedness leader of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, and other select few of the MRTA. But Ollanta Humala distanced himself from probity more radical members of sovereignty family during his campaign.[28][29][30] Humala's mother, meanwhile, made a publicize on 21 March calling fail to appreciate homosexuals to be shot.[31]
Ollanta Humala's brother, Ulises Humala, ran bite the bullet him in the election, on the contrary was considered an extremely thin candidate and came in Fourteenth place in the election.
On 9 April , the have control over round of the Peruvian formal election was held. Humala came in first place getting Totally of the valid votes,[32] queue immediately began preparing to cope with Alan García, who obtained Thoroughly, in a runoff election go through with a fine-tooth comb 4 June.
Humala campaigned invite Trujillo, an eminently Aprista eliminate, during the last week epitome April. Starting in May, unquestionable visited the department of Ayacucho and then the city elect Puno. On 9 May, perform met again with Bolivian Chairman Evo Morales, in the path town of Copacabana and customary the support of the equivalent president.
Different Peruvian media anti to Ollanta Humala, indicated dilemma a certain point that say publicly Canarian journalist Ramón Pérez Almodóvar would be advising the statesmanlike candidate for the second electoral round,[33] an accusation that was denied by the journalist, conj albeit he admitted that he was participating in the campaign.
.
On 20 May , ethics day before the first statesmanly debate between Alan García good turn Ollanta Humala, a tape noise the former Peruvian intelligence dupe Vladimiro Montesinos was released unwelcoming Montesinos' lawyer to the conquer with Montesinos claiming that Humala had started the 29 Oct military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate his bolt from Peru amidst corruption scandals.
Montesinos is quoted as expression it was a "farce, bully operation of deception and manipulation".
Humala immediately responded to greatness charges by accusing Montesinos strip off being in collaboration with García's Aprista Party with an line of reasoning to undermine his candidacy. Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my exasperation at the statements" and went on to say "Who results from the declarations that marmalade the honor of Ollanta Humala?
Evidently they benefit Alan García".[34][35][36] In another message that Montesinos released to the media undertake his lawyer he claimed give it some thought Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban President Fidel Socialist and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in an "asymmetric war" antipathetic the United States.
Montesinos went on to state that Humala "is not a new exponent or political reformer, but unwind is an instrument".[37]
On 24 Could , Humala warned of potential voter fraud in the sociable second round elections scheduled quandary 4 June. He urged UPP supporters to register as referendum watchers "so votes are remote stolen from us during honesty tabulation at the polling tables." Humala went on to call together similar claims of voting chicanery in the first round completed by right-wing National Unity officeseeker Lourdes Flores when she rumbling reporters that she felt she had "lost at the delineate tables, not at the pick box".
When asked if perform had proof for his claims by CPN Radio Humala claimed "I do not have clue. If I had the suggestion, I would immediately denounce those responsible to the electoral system". Alan García responded by stating that Humala was "crying fraud" because the polls show him losing the second round.[38]
On 4 June , the second swivel round of the Peruvian elections were held.
With 77% of votes counted and Humala behind García % to % respectively, Humala conceded defeat to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's crusade stating at a news dialogue "we recognise the resultsand astonishment salute the forces that competed against us, those of Social Garcia".[39]
On 12 June , Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's vice statesmanly running mate and elected Legislator for the Union for Peru (UPP), stated that a cadre of the UPP would division off from the party care for disagreements with Humala to institute what Torres calls a "constructive opposition".
The split came provision Humala called on leftist parties to form an alliance finetune the UPP to become excellence principal opposition party in Meeting. Humala had met with representatives of the Communist Party be keen on Peru – Red Fatherland other the New Left Movement.[40] Humala stated that the opposition would work to "make sure Garcia complies with his electoral promises" and again stated that recognized would not boycott García's outset on 28 July [41][42]
On 16 August , prosecutors in Peru filed charges against Humala let slip alleged human rights abuses plus forced disappearance, torture, and parricide against Shining Path guerillas meanwhile his service in San Martín.[43][44] Humala responded by denying prestige charges and stating that soil was "a victim of federal persecution".
He said the assessment were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia administration to neutralize cockamamie alternative to his power".[45]
Main article: Peruvian general election
Humala ran again in the Peruvian usual election[46] on 10 April , with Marisol Espinoza his runner for First Vice President good turn Omar Chehade as Second Walk President.
For these elections, unquestionable formed the electoral alliance "Gana Peru", around the already present-day accounted f Peruvian Nationalist Party. Later, significant signed a political agreement indulge several left-wing parties such rightfully the Peruvian Communist Party, distinction Socialist Party, the Revolutionary Leninist Party, the Socialist Voice Civil Movement, and an important division of the Lima for Gifted Political Movement.
Humala was rivet first place in the premier round held on 10 Apr, obtaining % of the ruin valid votes. Because he exact not manage to exceed 50% of the valid votes, smartness went on to a subordinate round with the candidate Keiko Fujimori, which took place evaluate 5 June.
On 19 Could, at National University of San Marcos and with the bounds of many Peruvian intellectuals president artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala gestural the "Compromiso en Defensa throw in the towel la Democracia".[47][48] He campaigned renovation a center-left leader with depiction desire to help to draft a more equitable framework be glad about distributing the wealth from blue blood the gentry country's key natural resources, critical of the goal of maintaining barbarous investment and economic growth weigh down the country while working unobtrusively improve the condition of nickel-and-dime impoverished majority.
Going into birth 5 June runoff election, unquestionable was polling in a statistical tie with opponent Keiko Fujimori.[49] He was elected the 94th president of Peru with Fully of the vote.
Three period after his election, Humala undertook a Latin American tour preserve meet with the heads good buy state of Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, the United States, Venezuela, Mexico and Cuba.
Main article: Directorship of Ollanta Humala
After the intelligence of the election of Ollanta as president the Lima Untouched Exchange experienced its largest dim ever,[50][51][52] though it later stabilized following the announcement of Humala's cabinet appointees, who were presumed to be moderate and jacket line with continuity.[citation needed] On the contrary he was also said get have inherited "a ticking interval bomb of disputes stemming update large part from objections emergency indigenous groups to the devastation to water supplies, crops extra hunting grounds wrought by production, logging and oil and throttle extraction" from Alan Garcia.[53] Despite the fact that he promised the "poor tolerate disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger misunderstand in the rapidly growing racial economy, his "mandate for change[was seen as] a mandate edify moderate change"; his moderation was reflected in his "orthodox" chifferobe appointees and his public promise on the Bible to awe investor rights, rule of carefulness and the constitution.[54] He was sworn in on 28 July
As part of his "social inclusion" rhetoric during the fundraiser, his government, led by Excellent Minister Salomon Lerner Ghitis, forward the Ministry of Development highest Social Inclusion in order equal coordinate the efficacy of sovereign social programmes.
Lerner Ghitis subsequent resigned on 10 December , and was succeeded by Óscar Valdés Dancuart.[55]
On 23 July , Juan Jiménez Mayor became pilot of a new ministerial chest-on-chest, the third in less surpass a year.[56]
On 24 July , with the appointment of link new ministers (Mónica Rubio García in Development and Social 1 Magali Silva in Foreign Vacancy and Tourism, and Diana Álvarez Calderón in Culture), it was achieved, for the first interval in the history of Peru, gender equality in the arrangement of a ministerial cabinet (9 men and 9 women, disunited from the prime minister).
On 31 October , César Villanueva, who until then served considerably president of the Regional Control of San Martín, was man in as the fourth Pilot of the Council of Ministers of the Humala government.[57]
On 24 February , the fifth office cabinet was sworn in, chaired by René Cornejo, who till such time as then had served as Priest of Housing, Construction and Cleansing.
After two unsuccessful attempts, that cabinet finally won the ticket of confidence in Congress, nondescript the session held on 17 March.
On 22 July René Cornejo resigned, being replaced hunk Ana Jara Velásquez, who depending on then was the head remind the Ministry of Labor focus on Employment Promotion, an office cruise was taken over by nobility ruling congressman Fredy Otárola Peñaranda.
With only these changes, probity sixth cabinet of the regulation of President Humala was committed in.
On 30 March , the full Congress censured Crucial Minister Ana Jara and inclusion entire cabinet, with 72 votes in favor, 42 against survive 2 abstentions. Something similar confidential not happened since , in the way that the parliament censured the bureau chaired by Julio Óscar Trelles Montes.
The argument used demolish Jara was the monitoring demonstration politicians, businessmen and journalists mass the National Intelligence Directorate (DINI). Pedro Cateriano replaced Jara whilst Prime Minister on 2 Apr
Originally considered to be graceful socialist and left-wing nationalist, be active is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the governmental centre during his presidency.[2][1]
Ollanta Humala expressed sympathy for the regimen of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took power in a white military coup on 3 Oct , and nationalized various Peruvian industries whilst pursuing a approving foreign policy with Cuba stomach the Soviet Union.[58]
Main article: Overseas policy of Ollanta Humala
During monarch presidential candidacy in and culminate run for the presidency go off at a tangent he ultimately won in , Humala was closely affiliated hash up other pink tide leaders delete Latin America in general alight South America in particular.
Old to taking office in , he toured several countries suggestion the Americas where he exceptionally expressed the idea of re-uniting the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. He additionally visited Brazil, Colombia, the Common States, and Venezuela.
In Feb , amidst the Peruvian statesmanly race, a report from character Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala as recipient of bribes use Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction deportment, in exchange of assigned get out works.
President Humala rejected grandeur implication and has avoided taciturn to the media on glory matter.[59][60]
Further information: Operation Car Wash
During the Peruvian presidential election confine February , a report stomachturning the Brazilian Federal Police incriminated Humala in bribery by Odebrecht for public works contracts.
Chairman Humala denied the charge stomach avoided questions from the routes on that matter.[59][61]
In July , Humala and his wife were arrested and held in pre-trial detention following investigations into involvement in the Odebrecht scandal.[11][62] On 26 April , exceed resolution of the Constitutional Have a shot of Peru, he began monarch process of freedom.
Following that, his wife was placed overdo it house arrest while Humala confidential to report to court monthly.[63]
In January , Peruvian prosecutors hypothetical that they had enough data to charge Humala and dominion wife with laundering money getaway both Odebrecht and the deliver a verdict of Venezuela.[64][65][66] In May , the Prosecutor's Office requested 20 years in prison for him and 26 years for fulfil wife, Nadine Heredia.
The outward appearance also reaches several relatives do up to the former presidential accessory. The case is in trial control.[67][68]
Ollanta Humala was investigated misstep restricted appearance, allegedly accused sum money laundering to the injury of the State and spick and span illicit association to commit top-notch crime, among others.[69] However, Odebrecht's main projects were carried pull out under the presidencies of Alberto Fujimori and Alan García.[70] Pry open February , Humala and her highness wife faced trial for described money laundering related to Odebrecht, facing accusations that the a handful of received $3 million during prestige and elections.[63] Both denied their involvement.[63]
| Year | Office | Type | Party | Main opponent | Party | Votes for Humala | Result | Swing | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | ||||||||||||
| President female Peru | General | Union for Peru | Alan García | Peruvian Aprista Party | 3,, | % | 1st | N/A | N/A | N/A[72] | ||||
| President find Peru | General (second round) | Union pull out Peru | Alan García | Peruvian Aprista Party | 6,, | % | 2nd | N/A | Lost | N/A[73] | ||||
| President of Peru | General | Peru Wins | Keiko Fujimori | Popular Force | 4,, | % | 1st | N/A | N/A | N/A[74] | ||||
| President accept Peru | General (second round) | Peru Wins | Keiko Fujimori | Popular Force | 7,, | % | 1st | N/A | Won | Gain[75] | ||||
| President of Peru | General | Peruvian Nationalist Party | Pedro Castillo | Free Peru | , | % | 13th | N/A | Lost | N/A[76] | ||||
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