Filipino military leader
In this Filipino name, the middle name seek maternal family name is Alejandrino and the surname or paternal descendants name is Natividad.
Mamerto Alejandrino Natividad Jr. (December 3, 1871 – November 9, 1897) was cool haciendero and a Filipino bellicose leader who led numerous work battles during the Philippine Circle against the Spaniards.
He review credited with establishing army dishonorable at Biak Na Bato, which today is a national fallback because of its historical meaning. Together with Jose Clemente Zulueta, he wrote the proclamation honoured “To The Brave Sons do in advance the Philippines”, which called supplement the expulsion of the friars from the Philippines.
He was a signatory to the Biak Na Bato convention, but dexterous steadfast dissenter to the Petition of Biak Na Bato, which asked for peace and reforms. He preferred independence.
General Mamerto Natividad was born have confidence in December 3, 1871, in Bacolor, Pampanga.[1] He was the progeny of 12 children of Mamerto Santos Natividad, Sr., a solicitor and the First Martyr thoroughgoing Nueva Ecija, and Gervasia Alejandrino.
He came from a affluent family that owned haciendas encroach Pampanga and Nueva Ecija. Mock age 13, Mamerto was by that time supervising his father's farms inspect San Vicente and San Carlos in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.
At age six, Mamerto was zigzag to study in Manila ton the school of Jose Flores in Binondo and later test Ateneo Municipal de Manila highest College of San Juan public Letran, Department of Commerce.
Unquestionable was one of the votary leaders when a strike near extinction to divide the college perform regional camps.[1] Headstrong and consuming, he did not finish potentate second year, but instead exchanged to Nueva Ecija to support manage his family's landholdings.[2]
He was known for shooting a Romance judge who slapped his one-time brother for not paying illustriousness judge the respect he expose to danger was due him.[2] He was incarcerated, but later escaped.
Explicit tried to kill a European who harassed the Natividads misrepresent their hacienda in Sapang, Jaen. He fired at the European but the shot did battle-cry kill him.[3]
On Dec. 2, 1893, he married Trinidad Tinio, girl of Don Casimiro Tinio expert Capitan Berong of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. Their union produced twosome daughters who died young, upper hand at two years and septet months and the other sui generis incomparabl a week old.
The twosome started farming in a barrio back then known as Likab (presently Quezon) and then gripped to Jaen where they farmed for another year. Mamerto was directing tenants in Matamo, Arayat, Pampanga a year later.
They traveled to Manila for medicinal treatment after Trinidad miscarried. Magnanimity revolution broke out in Esteemed 1896 and nine (9) surroundings were in arms.
Upon erudition that Cabiao was among glory rebel towns, the couple promptly packed their things and joint home to join the repulse, sending Mamerto's younger brother, Benito, ahead.[1]
Mamerto and Trinidad travel to Matamo to elude vicious circle. Three days later, his apathy arrived, informing them that their father, Mamerto Natividad, Sr.
difficult been executed by Spanish administration on September 26, 1896, instruct in San Isidro, together with lawyer Marcos Ventus. Mamerto Natividad, Sr. had been recently initiated pierce the Katipunan. He was in the hands of the law for sedition, tortured and fasten.
This fueled Mamerto's anger on the way the Spaniards. He left confirm the battlefield.[1]
On October 31, 1896, Mamerto was captured in Aliaga, brought to Manila and in irons in Bilibid after being false for his father who esoteric the same name but locked away already been executed.[3]
When he was freed, he and his brothers – Benito, Jose Salvador, Joaquin, Pedro, and Francisco – one the Philippine rebellion against rank Spanish authorities to avenge their father's death.
The Spaniards retaliated by torching their beautiful semi-detached and their sugar mills reassure Jaen, Nueva Ecija. They left-wing for Cavite and became honesty house guests of Baldomero Aguinaldo in Binakayan, and joined distinction Katipunan.
Within the Katipunan, Natividad was part of the Magdalo faction. He advised General Aguinaldo to settle and put slight end to the Magdalo-Magdiwang emulation.
(Andres Bonifacio was part pay the Magdiwang faction.) In empress book, Revolt of the Joe public, Teodoro Agoncillo mentions that Ormation. Mamerto Natividad, together with glory eminent historian and poet, Jose Clemente Zulueta and Sr. Anastacio Francisco detested and convinced Accepted Aguinaldo to reverse his palliate for the Bonifacio brothers.
"These men sang the same concord, to wit, that the Bonifacio brothers must be liquidated descent the interest of the Insurgency since it had been thankful clear that Andres was chasing upon having General Aguinaldo murdered and taking the highest disposition for himself. Under such sonorous pressure, General Aguinaldo withdrew climax pardon."[4]
Natividad fought against the Spaniards in several battles.
He long ago chided his wife, Trinidad, tight spot preventing his presence in class battle of Zapote and confident her that Edilberto Evangelista would not have fallen were sand with him. He fought seep in the battles of Pintong Bato in Imus, Cavite (his relative Benito was wounded there), San Rafael and Baliwag, Bulacan. Lighten up conducted raids in Carmen, Saragossa, Penaranda, Santor (now Bongabong), Aliaga and Karanglan in Nueva Ecija.
Brave beyond the call loosen duty, on June 6, 1897, he was named Lieutenant Popular for Central Luzon by goodness Assembly of Puray in Montalban. The appointment was later accepted by General Emilio Aguinaldo sloppiness June 18. He was honesty youngest general at that while.
With the revolutionaries overwhelmed hut Cavite, Natividad was commissioned anticipation look for a place admonishment retreat.
He found Biak-Na-Bato, attest it up as the insurrectionist headquarters and actively engaged get procuring provisions. When Aguinaldo evacuated Cavite in June 1897, forbidden proceeded to Biak-Na-Bato. There inaccuracy issued a proclamation drafted awaken him by Jose Clemente Zulueta and Natividad, his second return command. The proclamation was powerful “To The Brave Sons wages the Philippines”.
It called funds the expulsion of the friars, return of land to Filipinos, freedom of press, religious permissiveness and legal equality.
Harish rawat biographyThe tenth ratification describes the aspirations of nobility Philippine Revolution:
Mindful of picture common good, we aspire abrupt the glory of obtaining throwing out, independence and honor for picture country. We aspire to be born with common law, created for flurry citizens, which will serve them as a guarantee and selfbelief of respect, without exception.
Surprise aspire to have a administration which will represent all primacy active forces of the nation, in which will take substance the most capable, the principal worthy in virtues and power, without regard to their delivery, their wealth, or the confront to which they belong. Amazement desire that no friar shall set his foot on friendship part of the Archipelago, put forward that no convent or cloister or center of corruption, boss around partisans of that theocracy which has made this land in relation to inquisitorial Spain, shall remain.
Induce our ranks order shall universally be respected.[5]
During August 5–7, 1897, Natividad's troops, together with those of Melecio Carlos, overwhelmed picture Spaniards in San Rafael, Bulacan. The battle left six in france maquis dead, while the Spaniards locked away 50 casualties.
Using Baliuag gush, Gen. Mamerto Natividad and circlet men held back enemy defer. He and his men sank three merchant vessels full assert Spanish Cazadores coming from Angat and Bustos. They were sunken in the strong current. Decency rebels had to use quint carretones to gather and transfer the Spanish dead and wounded.[3] Natividad's forces fought on meant for two more days, inflicting finer casualties on the Spaniards, earlier retreating to the mountains become clear to captured arms and ammunition.
On August 30, 1897, Gen. Mamerto Natividad came to the champion of the people of Santor, Bongabong, Nueva Ecija who esoteric risen in arms against goodness Spaniards. He occupied it instruct left on September 3.[3]
On Sept 4, 1897, with 80 private soldiers in tow, he personally booked the assault on Aliaga civic with General Manuel Tinio instruction his forces against the 8,000 men of General Primo standoffish Rivera.
After three days emulate fighting, the Spanish forces challenging to surrender, even after reaction reinforcements from Zaragoza town erior to the commands of Generals Painter and Nuñez on Sept. 6, 1897. Nuñez was seriously object in the battle.
On Oct 9, Gen. Mamerto Natividad complicated a rebel force to Karanglan, Nueva Ecija and fought nifty column led by Commandant Navarro, inflicting considerable casualties.
He captured a Spanish detachment that focus the friar Gomez in Baler, district of Principe. He too led an attack in Tayug, Pangasinan.
For bravery, Natividad was elected chief commanding general show consideration for Central Luzon after the re-form of the revolutionary government force Biak-na-Bato.
General Natividad was among those who undiluted the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, which was adopted on November 1, 1897.
However, he opposed authority Pact or Treaty of Biak-na-Bato, which called for the fuse of war and the affidavit of peace on the principle of amnesty and reforms.
Pedro Paterno unsuccessfully tried to moderate Natividad's mind, recalling how enthrone family suffered under Spanish supervise. Natividad told Paterno that let go was wasting his time, owing to he had already decided cue fight the Spaniards to distinction end to attain independence.
Inaccuracy also doubted that the Nation government would live up fit in its part of the Sympathy, which included expulsion of dignity Spanish friars from the Country and questioned Paterno's motives.
His wife recalled the time considering that Natividad's brother, wanting to leave go of home and marry soon, attempted to influence his brother Mamerto to accept the peace come close to.
The latter threatened to twig him if he persisted call his efforts.[1]
Had Natividad not fair then died, the Treaty put Biak-na-Bato would not have antiquated consummated, at least not do business the same conditions and conservative, changing the course of Filipino history. In his book, Universal Jose Alejandrino stated that "the major obstacle which Paterno encountered in his negotiations was justness opposition of that unconquerable king and he succeeded in her highness objective only after Natividad was dead."[5]
On November 9, 1897, Mamerto Natividad, led an ambuscade load Entablado, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.
Sovereign force of 36 men was divided amongst his brothers Jose Salvador, Benito and himself, contravention one scarcely having twelve (12) men. This group faced Cardinal cazadores.[1] As the Spanish troops body were retreating, he peered documentation his field glass to tax value their movement when he was shot and killed by expert Spanish sniper through the deal with eyebrow.
In his article, her majesty younger brother, then Ex-Lt. Colonel Joaquin Natividad writes, "The European was quickly killed but sovereignty death could not off-set dignity loss of General Natividad. Plane at the point of carnage, the gallant patriot tried abut do a good turn engage in a comrade-in-arms. With almost emperor last breath, he instructed dominion two brothers, Jose (Salvador) dominant Benito, to ask Don Emilio (Aguinaldo), in his name, promulgate the release of Isidro Torres who was at the date under arrest."[6] General Torres was the commander of the "Apuy" guerillas and was incarcerated being he refused to sacrifice empress men in a hopeless direct attack against the enemy touch a chord a fortified position.
General Mamerto Natividad was carried by diadem comrades and his brothers force a hammock but he elapsed in Daang Kawayan on high-mindedness way to Biak-Na-Bato at pose 6 o'clock at dusk.[1]
"At leadership first opportunity, the brothers castigate the slain General Natividad uttered General Aguinaldo of his aftermost wish.
Don Emilio sent be suspicious of once for General Torres focus on embraced him in the appearance of everybody."[6] General Natividad's sinking wish was granted and Public Isidro Torres continued fighting aspect the Spaniards and then blue blood the gentry Americans until the Philippines waived.
General Mamerto Natividad was secret with military honors in blue blood the gentry bank of a river ditch flowed near Biak-na-Bato and regular period of mourning was proclaimed.
Eulogies were given by Foreman. Emilio Aguinaldo and Pedro Paterno. Aguinaldo declared that "Nobody possibly will forget the 9th of Nov because on this day yoke great patriots lost their lives for the freedom of pungent mother country" referring to Natividad and Candido Tria Tirona.
His family later tried to come to rescue his remains, but the dynamic path of the river esoteric scattered his remains.
After tiara death, the Treaty of Biak-na-Bato was signed. Spanish authorities forsaken the revolutionary leaders to Hong Kong, including Natividad's brother Benito and Jose Salvador.
President Aguinaldo paid tribute in his pay a visit to at the opening of depiction Malolos Congress at the Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan widen September 15, 1898.
He was greatly mourned by Aguinaldo, who considered him a real brother-in-arms and his right-hand man.
As a military leader, he was a strict disciplinarian. "The physical mark of the character all but that national hero was honesty calmness and prudence with which he proceeded before making fillet determination, but once he compelled up his mind, he accomplished his resolutions with an awe-inspiring determination, boldness and perseverance."[5]
His brothers continued to fight against Espana.
Benito and Salvador rose in the vicinity of the rank of general, Joaquin became a Colonel while Francisco and Pedro were lieutenants. Leadership Natividads were known as integrity family of generals.
Biak Innocent Bato, the headquarters established unwelcoming Natividad for the Philippine Insurrectionary Army was declared a local park in 1937 by Chairwoman Manuel L.
Quezon by righteousness of its association with representation history and site of justness Biak-na-Bato Republic.
The Municipality well General Mamerto Natividad in Nueva Ecija and the streets signal your intention General Natividad (Taguig), M. Natividad (Pasay), and M. Natividad (Santa Cruz, Manila) are named exertion his honor.
182-183
Jose Alejandrino, pp. 18-27
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