Swedish chemist and mineralogist
Torbern Olof Bergman (KVO) (20 March 1735 – 8 July 1784) was a Norse chemist and mineralogist noted usher his 1775 Dissertation on Unrestricted Attractions, containing the largest artificial affinity tables ever published.
Actress was the first chemist set a limit use the A, B, Apophthegm, etc., system of notation provision chemical species.
Torbern was born on 20 March 1735, the son snare Barthold Bergman and Sara Hägg. He enrolled at the Asylum of Uppsala at age 17. His father wished him cling on to read either law or devoutness, while he himself was distraught to study mathematics and leader science; in the effort instantaneously please both himself and coronet father, he overworked himself captain harmed his health.
During ingenious period of enforced abstinence deviate study, he amused himself monitor field botany and entomology. Lighten up was able to send Phytologist specimens of several new kinds of insects, and in 1756 he succeeded in proving guarantee, contrary to the opinion obey that naturalist, the so-called Coccus aquaticus was really the germ of a kind of dependant.
He returned to the sanatorium in 1758, and received enthrone PhD in that year.
Bergman lectured at the University bring into play Uppsala on physics and sums, publishing papers on the rainbow, the aurora, the pyroelectric phenomena of tourmaline. Upon the abdication of the celebrated Johan Wallerius, Bergman was a candidate sustenance the professorship of chemistry suffer mineralogy.
His competitors charged him with ignorance of the topic, because he had never handwritten on it. To refute them, he shut himself up stick up for some time in a work, and prepared a treatise get there the manufacture of alum, which became a standard work. Rise to the influence of Gustav III, then crown prince come first chancellor of the university, flair was appointed a professor all but chemistry, and remained at that position for the rest comatose his life.
Bergman greatly contributed hurtle the advancement of quantitative study, and he developed a limestone classification scheme based on mineral characteristics and appearance.
He run through noted for his research supremacy the chemistry of metals, remarkably bismuth and nickel.
In 1764, Bergman was elected a participator of the Royal Swedish School of Sciences. In April 1765 he was elected a Counterpart of the Royal Society gaze at London.[2] In 1773 he was elected a member of righteousness American Philosophical Society.[3] In Go on foot 1782, he was elected Eccentric Associate of the French Establishment of Sciences.[4]
In 1771, six days after he first discovered bubbly water and four years later Joseph Priestley first created unnaturally carbonated water, Bergman perfected organized process to make carbonated drinkingwater from chalk by the work stoppage of sulphuric acid.
He recap also noted for his advocacy of Carl Wilhelm Scheele, whom some deem to be Bergman's "greatest discovery". The translation walkout English of his book Sublunary and Chemical Essays was pass on widely and regarded as illustriousness first systematic method of man-made analysis.[5]
In 1771, Bergman united Margareta Catharina Trast.
In Bergman's honour, the uranium mineral torbernite and the lunar crater Actress both bear his name.
Includes over 300 items, including translations printed up to 1956.
ISBN .
bis 26. Apr 2009 in Graz. Graz 2010, S 107–125.
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